Credits & rights
Where everything comes from
Rights holders
Windlines uses photographs only when they are in the public domain, released under CC0, CC BY or CC BY-SA, or shown with written permission, and every photograph is credited as its licence asks. If you hold the rights to something shown here and want it credited differently, licensed on other terms or removed, write to [email protected]. Every request is answered, and an image is removed or relicensed on request.
The text of the timeline is written for Windlines. Facts come from the sources listed below and on each milestone's page.
Photographs
33 photographs, in timeline order.
- 1972 · Ten Cate takes the Windsurfer to Europe European Windsurfing Championship on the Gouwzee near Volendam, the Netherlands, 16 August 1976 Photo: Rob C. Croes / Anefo · CC0 · Nationaal Archief
- 1972 · Ten Cate takes the Windsurfer to Europe Two windsurfers with coloured sails, the Netherlands, 1970s Photo: Harry Pot / Spaarnestad Photo · Public domain · Nationaal Archief
- 1974 · The first Windsurfer World Championship European windsurfing championship on the Gouwzee near Volendam, 16 August 1976, two years after the first world championship Photo: Rob C. Croes / Anefo · CC0 · Wikimedia Commons
- 1976 · Robby Naish, 13, wins the World Championship Robby Naish in a bottom turn at La Perouse, Maui, September 2019, 43 years after his first world title Photo: Robbynaishus1111 (Robby Naish's own account) · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons
- 1979 · Windsurfing crosses the Iron Curtain and reaches China Windsurfing regatta on Lake Ķīšezers near Riga, Soviet Latvia, 1977 Photo: Unknown, from the archive of the Rihards windsurfing club (uploaded by Riha30) · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons
- 1980 · Windsurfing becomes an Olympic sport Stephan van den Berg wins the Dutch windsurfing championship in Hoorn, 5 July 1981 Photo: Marcel Antonisse / Anefo · CC0 · Nationaal Archief
- 1980 · Windsurfing becomes an Olympic sport The fleet at the Dutch windsurfing championship in Hoorn, 5 July 1981 Photo: Marcel Antonisse / Anefo · CC0 · Nationaal Archief
- 1980 · Windsurfing becomes an Olympic sport Windsurfing at Zandvoort, the Netherlands, 14 June 1980 Photo: Rob Bogaerts / Anefo · CC0 · Nationaal Archief
- 1982 · A childhood board breaks the Windsurfer patent A windsurfer in a gale off Scheveningen, 3 January 1981 Photo: Marcel Antonisse / Anefo · CC0 · Nationaal Archief
- 1983 · Board sales peak at 400,000 a year The summer holidays begin: a sailboard goes on the car roof, the Netherlands, 3 July 1981 Photo: Hans van Dijk / Anefo · CC0 · Nationaal Archief
- 1983 · The first professional World Cup Jürgen Hönscheid jumps in the surf off Sylt, 1983 Photo: Jürgen Hönscheid (northshore-fuerte.com) · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons
- 1984 · Windsurfing debuts at the Olympics; Stephan van den Berg wins gold Stephan van den Berg receives a royal decoration for his Olympic gold, 24 May 1985 Photo: Rob C. Croes / Anefo · CC0 · Nationaal Archief
- 1987 · The Windsurfer patent runs out Windsurfing on Rother Valley Lake, England, May 1987 Photo: Graham Hogg (geograph.org.uk) · CC BY-SA 2.0 · Wikimedia Commons
- 1988 · Björn Dunkerbeck starts twelve years at the top Björn Dunkerbeck at a World Tour event in the Netherlands, 2005 Photo: Pediant · Public domain · Wikimedia Commons
- 1988 · A wing for ice and snow A Kitewing on snow in Lapland, April 2009: a later hand-held wing in the SkimBat's line Photo: Patrick Blom (uploaded by CMFogelholm) · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons
- 1996 · The PWA takes over the World Cup The Windsurf World Cup on Sylt seen from above, 28 September 2023 Photo: dronepicr · CC BY 2.0 · Wikimedia Commons
- 1999 · The windsurf brands take up the kite Kitesurfing off Mokuleia on the north shore of Oʻahu, April 2005, six years after the first Naish kites Photo: Eric Guinther · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons
- 2001 · The Défi Wind starts at Gruissan A windsurfer walks his rig into the water at the Défi Wind, Gruissan, 16 May 2010 Photo: Yann Gar · CC BY-SA 2.0 · Flickr
- 2003 · Campello and Gollito rule freestyle Ricardo Campello in a push loop at the Cold Hawaii PWA World Cup, Denmark, September 2012 Photo: John Carter / Cold Hawaii · CC BY-SA 2.0 · Wikimedia Commons
- 2008 · Kiteboarding becomes a sailing class Kite racing at a Lega Navale Italiana contest off Ostia, September 2011 Photo: Pierluigi Renzi · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons
- 2009 · Windfoils go on show Hélène Noesmoen on an iQFoil at Brest, February 2023; foil windsurfing fourteen years after the first windfoils were shown Photo: IPoriel · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons
- 2013 · King of the Air returns, in Cape Town Kitesurfers at Bloubergstrand, Cape Town, with Lion's Head and Table Mountain, December 2017 Photo: Anonymous · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons
- 2013 · Across the Atlantic by kite A kitesurfer flying over Atlantic waves at Lacanau, France, February 2014 Photo: Grand Parc Bordeaux (Flickr) · CC BY 2.0 · Wikimedia Commons
- 2013 · Kite racing takes to the foil A kitefoil in the Bouches-du-Rhône, July 2012 Photo: Horue · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons
- 2015 · Antoine Albeau sails 53.27 knots in the Lüderitz channel Antoine Albeau on the water off Île de Ré, France, 2006 Photo: Pep.per de Ré · CC BY 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons
- 2018 · Kiteboarding is chosen for the Olympics Formula Kite off Eilat, Israel, February 2022, the class chosen for the Olympics Photo: Uv59 · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons
- 2019 · Wings in the shops A wing foil set at the water's edge, November 2020 Photo: Nathalie Cools · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons
- 2020 · The first wing world tour contests A wing foiler on a foil board, August 2024 Photo: Bengt Oberger · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons
- 2022 · World Sailing takes the wing on board A wing foiler on the Kieler Förde, 16 October 2022 Photo: Fabian Horst · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons
- 2024 · Three world titles at seventeen Nia Suardiaz with her wing foil board, Tarifa, 27 May 2024 Photo: NicoleMun · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons
- 2024 · A women's division at King of the Air Bloubergstrand, Cape Town, April 2015, the beach where King of the Air is held Photo: South African Tourism (Flickr) · CC BY 2.0 · Wikimedia Commons
- 2025 · The first Formula Wing world championship Wing foiling at the Foils Journées, Quiberon, March 2025 Photo: MFonzatti · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons
- 2025 · Sarah-Quita Offringa wins three world titles in one season Sarah-Quita Offringa on the podium at the Windsurf World Cup Sylt, 3 October 2009 Photo: Jürgen Tap / HOCH ZWEI · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons
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Drawings
Patent drawings
Traced into line art from United States patents. US patent texts and drawings are in the public domain.
- 1968 · Drake and Schweitzer file the Windsurfer patent US 3,487,800, Fig. 1 (1970) · public domain
- 1978 · A patent for lifting a windsurf board on hydrofoils US 4,508,046, Fig. 1 (1985) · public domain
- 1981 · Jim Drake's hand sail US 4,651,665, Fig. 4 (1987), the US grant of Drake's hand-sail patent · public domain
- 1984 · Camber inducers give the sail a fixed wing profile US 4,686,921, Figs. 4–6 (1987): top view at the mast, the rig, the camber inducer · public domain
- 1984 · The inflatable kite is patented US 4,708,078, Fig. 10 (1987) · public domain
- 1994 · The KiteSki goes upwind US 5,366,182, Fig. 6 (1994) · public domain
- 2005 · The bow kite brings depower US 7,374,133, Fig. 8 (2008), the US grant of the Legaignoux bow-kite patent · public domain
Maps
Drawn from OpenStreetMap data. Map data © OpenStreetMap contributors, available under the Open Database License (ODbL).
- 1975 · The harness arrives from Kailua Kailua Beach, Oʻahu · Map data © OpenStreetMap contributors (ODbL)
- 1984 · Windsurfing debuts at the Olympics; Stephan van den Berg wins gold Long Beach, 4 km radius · Map data © OpenStreetMap contributors (ODbL)
- 1984 · The Aloha Classic starts at Hoʻokipa Hoʻokipa, Maui · Map data © OpenStreetMap contributors (ODbL)
- 1988 · Past 40 knots in a canal dug for speed The speed canal at Saintes-Maries-de-la-Mer · Map data © OpenStreetMap contributors (ODbL)
- 1993 · Windsurfers ride Jaws Peʻahi (Jaws), Maui · Map data © OpenStreetMap contributors (ODbL)
- 1999 · King of the Air starts at Hoʻokipa Hoʻokipa, Maui · Map data © OpenStreetMap contributors (ODbL)
- 2001 · The Défi Wind starts at Gruissan Gruissan · Map data © OpenStreetMap contributors (ODbL)
- 2003 · The first Queen of the Air Hoʻokipa, Maui · Map data © OpenStreetMap contributors (ODbL)
- 2008 · A kitesurfer is the fastest sailor Lüderitz, Namibia, with today's speed channel · Map data © OpenStreetMap contributors (ODbL)
- 2013 · King of the Air returns, in Cape Town Big Bay, Cape Town · Map data © OpenStreetMap contributors (ODbL)
- 2016 · Jason Polakow windsurfs Nazaré Praia do Norte, Nazaré · Map data © OpenStreetMap contributors (ODbL)
- 2017 · A 19-metre wave at Nazaré Praia do Norte, Nazaré · Map data © OpenStreetMap contributors (ODbL)
- 2018 · Flash Austin winging on Maui Kanahā, Maui · Map data © OpenStreetMap contributors (ODbL)
- 2021 · The first Wingfoil World Cup La Franqui, Leucate · Map data © OpenStreetMap contributors (ODbL)
- 2023 · Sarah Hauser rides a 40-foot wave at Jaws Peʻahi (Jaws), Maui · Map data © OpenStreetMap contributors (ODbL)
- 2023 · The largest wave ever kitesurfed Peʻahi (Jaws), Maui · Map data © OpenStreetMap contributors (ODbL)
- 2024 · Kiteboarding's Olympic debut Marseille · Map data © OpenStreetMap contributors (ODbL)
Boards and gear
Drawn for Windlines from published outlines, line drawings and measurements of the real boards.
- 1970 · The first factory-made Windsurfer Windsurfer One Design, 12 ft × 26 in · outline traced from a 1981–82 Ten Cate brochure
- 1976 · Mistral is founded and the Windsurfer gets competition Mistral Competition, one of the brand's early boards · outline traced from a Mistral brochure of 1982–84
- 1976 · The Windglider, the board that became Olympic Windglider, 390 × 65 cm · outline and profile measured from a line drawing by Barbetorte (Wikimedia Commons)
- 1979 · F2 and the funboard F2 Sunset Slalom, a later board from F2 · outline traced from the F2 France brochure of 1990
- 1988 · Olympic windsurfing on a round-bottomed board Lechner Division II, 390 × 63 cm · lines measured from a drawing of its 1992 version, the A-390, by Barbetorte (Wikimedia Commons)
- 1996 · The Mistral One Design goes to the Olympics Mistral One Design, 372 cm, side view · profile measured from a line drawing by Barbetorte (Wikimedia Commons)
- 1999 · Starboard Go: the wide board makes windsurfing easy again Starboard Go, 279 × 85 cm · outline and profile traced from the American Windsurfer 1999 board test
- 2008 · The RS:X becomes the Olympic board RS:X, 286 cm, side view · profile measured from a line drawing by Barbetorte (Wikimedia Commons)
- 2024 · The iQFoil flies at the Paris Olympics Starboard iQFoil 95, 220 × 95 cm
Diagrams
Drawn for Windlines.
- 1977 · Footstraps, and the pictures that sold the dream A board in the air off a wave, the footstraps on its deck
- 2002 · Four lines and twin tips A two-line and a four-line kite, seen from behind the rider
- 2010 · Kites beat the hydrofoil Lüderitz speed channel, schematic plan and cross-section
- 2015 · The foil makes the wing work A board in the water, and the same board lifted clear on a hydrofoil
Sources
548 sources for 113 milestones, in timeline order. Each milestone's page lists them too.
- 1964 · Newman Darby builds a sailboard in Pennsylvania
- 1967 · Jim Drake sails the first Windsurfer prototype
- Oakley, "Windsurfing's Rapid Global Diffusion", International Journal of the History of Sport (2024, open access)
- Wikipedia, Jim Drake (engineer)
- RAND, "James Drake, 'Father of Windsurfing' and RAND Engineer, Dies at 83" (2012)
- American Windsurfer, "Origins of Windsurfing: Jim Drake" (interview)
- Windsurfing Hall of Fame, "Jim Drake"
- Drake, "Wind Surfing: A New Concept in Sailing", RAND P-4076 (1969)
- Windsurfing Museum Prague, "Polyethylene heroes: the Windsurfer-Missiles link"
- Wikipedia, Newman Darby
- 1968 · Drake and Schweitzer file the Windsurfer patent
- 1969 · "New Sport – Wind Surfing": the name goes public
- Oakley, "Windsurfing's Rapid Global Diffusion", International Journal of the History of Sport (2024, open access)
- American Windsurfer, "Origins of Windsurfing: Jim Drake" (interview)
- Surfertoday, "The thrilling story of the original Windsurfer"
- Drake, "Wind Surfing: A New Concept in Sailing", RAND P-4076 (1969)
- NASA, "Apollo 11"
- Wikipedia, Windsurfing
- National Sailing Hall of Fame, "Henry 'Hoyle' & Diane Schweitzer"
- 1970 · The first factory-made Windsurfer
- Oakley, "Windsurfing's Rapid Global Diffusion", International Journal of the History of Sport (2024, open access)
- Hooked! Windsurfing's untold stories (West, Oakley, Seer; Huisman), prologue
- Windsurfing Museum Prague, "Polyethylene heroes: the Windsurfer-Missiles link"
- Surfertoday, "The thrilling story of the original Windsurfer"
- American Windsurfer, "Windsurfing: A New Concept in Sailing" (reprint of Drake's 1969 RAND paper)
- Wikipedia, Jim Drake (engineer)
- 1972 · Ten Cate takes the Windsurfer to Europe
- De Volkskrant, 7 December 1972, "Windsurfing nog onbekend" (Delpher newspaper archive)
- Oakley, "Windsurfing's Rapid Global Diffusion", International Journal of the History of Sport (2024, open access)
- Het Parool, 27 March 1973, Ten Cate wins injunction over a Windsurfer copy (Delpher)
- Encyclopedia.com, "Royal Ten Cate N.V." (International Directory of Company Histories)
- 1974 · The first Windsurfer World Championship
- 1975 · The harness arrives from Kailua
- 1976 · Mistral is founded and the Windsurfer gets competition
- SURF magazine, interview with Mistral co-founder Ernstfried Prade
- Oakley, "Windsurfing's Rapid Global Diffusion", International Journal of the History of Sport (2024, open access)
- Hooked! Windsurfing's untold stories (West, Oakley, Seer; Huisman), prologue
- joe windsurfer blog, Mistral Competition SST (Mistral brochure 1982–84)
- Mistral, "1976 - 1979 A Lifestyle Brand Personified"
- Mistral, "Heritage"
- SURF magazine, "Review: These were the highlights in surf 3/1981"
- Wikipedia, Newman Darby
- 1976 · Robby Naish, 13, wins the World Championship
- 1976 · The Windglider, the board that became Olympic
- Wikipedia, Windglider
- Hacking (IYRU), "Boardsailing: Yachting's new Olympic event", Olympic Review 1983
- Oakley, "Windsurfing's Rapid Global Diffusion", International Journal of the History of Sport (2024, open access)
- Hooked! Windsurfing's untold stories (West, Oakley, Seer; Huisman), prologue
- European Commission, "Decision 83/400/EEC relating to a proceeding under Article 85 of the EEC Treaty (Windsurfing International)" (1983)
- 1977 · The first patent for kitesurfing
- Google Patents, NL7603691A "Composition for the practice of water sports"
- Wikipedia, Kiteboarding
- Complete Kiteboarding, history of kiteboarding
- IKSURFMAG, "100 moments, a kitesurfing timeline"
- Google Patents, US4708078A "Propulsive wing with inflatable armature" (Legaignoux)
- Oakley, "Windsurfing's Rapid Global Diffusion", International Journal of the History of Sport (2024, open access)
- 1977 · The first Open World Championship starts an arms race
- 1977 · Footstraps, and the pictures that sold the dream
- 1977 · Sailboards join the speed trials
- 1978 · A patent for lifting a windsurf board on hydrofoils
- Google Patents, US 4,508,046 "Wind surfing hydrofoil apparatus"
- Justia Patents, "Wind surfing hydrofoil apparatus" (US 4,508,046, 1985)
- Oakley, "Windsurfing's Rapid Global Diffusion", International Journal of the History of Sport (2024, open access)
- World Sailing, "What is an iQFOiL in Olympic sailing?" (2024)
- 1979 · Windsurfing crosses the Iron Curtain and reaches China
- 1979 · F2 and the funboard
- F2, history
- F2, "F2's bestselling funboards 1981–1984"
- Wikipedia (de), F2 (Marke)
- UPI, "Windsurfing companies chase US market share as growing number of board sailors catch breeze" (26 July 1987)
- Oakley, "Windsurfing's Rapid Global Diffusion", International Journal of the History of Sport (2024, open access)
- Hitthewave, F2 Sunset (F2 France brochure 1990)
- Huisman Publishing, "Hooked! Windsurfing's untold stories", publisher's sample, chapter 2 (2023)
- 1980 · Windsurfing becomes an Olympic sport
- 1980 · A sailboard passes 24 knots on Maui
- 1981 · Jim Drake's hand sail
- Google Patents, DE3140685A1 "Hand sail"
- Google Patents, US 4,651,665 "Hand sail" (James R. Drake, priority 13 October 1981, granted 24 March 1987)
- Surfertoday, "The story of Jim Drake's first wing rig"
- SURF, "Wingsurf history, from the original wing to a trend sport in 40 years"
- Wikipedia, Wing foiling
- Tonic, "Who invented wing foiling?"
- 1982 · A childhood board breaks the Windsurfer patent
- Oakley, "Windsurfing's Rapid Global Diffusion", International Journal of the History of Sport (2024, open access)
- Windsurfing International Inc. v Tabur Marine (Great Britain) Ltd, Court of Appeal, 31 January 1984 (vLex)
- Hooked! Windsurfing's untold stories (West, Oakley, Seer; Huisman), prologue
- UPI, "Windsurfing companies chase US market share as growing number of board sailors catch breeze" (26 July 1987)
- 1983 · Fred Haywood breaks 30 knots
- Boards magazine, "Record breakers: the legends of speedsailing"
- Lüderitz Speed Challenge, speed world records 2012
- Oakley, "Windsurfing's Rapid Global Diffusion", International Journal of the History of Sport (2024, open access)
- Open Research Online, Oakley, "Windsurfing's Rapid Global Diffusion" (2024, abstract)
- Boards magazine, "The greatest moments in windsurfing history"
- WSSRC, "500 metre records"
- 1983 · Board sales peak at 400,000 a year
- Oakley, "Windsurfing's Rapid Global Diffusion", International Journal of the History of Sport (2024, open access)
- UPI, "Windsurfing companies chase US market share as growing number of board sailors catch breeze" (26 July 1987)
- Inc. magazine, "Sailboards" (February 1982)
- Christian Science Monitor, "From fad to full-fledged sport" (14 February 1984)
- 1983 · The first professional World Cup
- 1984 · Camber inducers give the sail a fixed wing profile
- 1984 · The RAF sail rotates around the mast
- 1984 · Windsurfing debuts at the Olympics; Stephan van den Berg wins gold
- 1984 · The inflatable kite is patented
- 1984 · The Aloha Classic starts at Hoʻokipa
- 1986 · A windsurfer becomes the fastest sailor on earth
- Wikipedia, List of speed sailing records
- Wikipedia, Pascal Maka
- Windsurfing Hall of Fame, Pascal Maka
- Boards magazine, "Record breakers: the legends of speedsailing"
- International Speed Windsurfing Class, "The history of speed: outright record" (PDF)
- surf Magazin, "Sotavento, Northshore and co: the best windsurfing spots on Fuerteventura"
- 1986 · The first woman over 30 knots
- 1986 · The Wind Weapon
- 1987 · The Windsurfer patent runs out
- Google Patents, US 3,487,800 "Wind-propelled apparatus"
- Google Patents, US RE31,167 (reissue, 1983)
- Windsurfing International, Inc. v. AMF, Inc., 782 F.2d 995 (Fed. Cir. 1986), Justia
- UPI, "Windsurfing companies chase US market share as growing number of board sailors catch breeze" (26 July 1987)
- GJE, "From the sea to IP: how windsurfing changed UK patent law"
- 1988 · Olympic windsurfing on a round-bottomed board
- 1988 · Past 40 knots in a canal dug for speed
- 1988 · Björn Dunkerbeck starts twelve years at the top
- 1988 · The riders take over the World Cup
- 1988 · A wing for ice and snow
- 1990 · Peter Lynn puts a kite on wheels
- 1991 · Thierry Bielak takes the record to 44.66 knots
- 1992 · Women get their own Olympic windsurfing event
- 1993 · Windsurfers ride Jaws
- 1993 · The first woman over 40 knots
- 1994 · The KiteSki goes upwind
- 1996 · The Mistral One Design goes to the Olympics
- 1996 · Kitesurfing gets a face on Maui
- 1996 · The PWA takes over the World Cup
- Surfertoday, "A short history of the PWA World Tour"
- World Windsurf Tour, "43 years on the water: a history of professional wave windsurfing"
- Wikipedia (de), Professional Windsurfers Association
- Wikipedia (de), Professional Boardsailors Association
- SURF magazine, "Regatta classes: what do PWA, IWT, IFCA and co. actually mean?"
- Surfertoday, "Foil windsurfing will be a standalone PWA World Tour discipline in 2019"
- 1997 · F-One builds a board for kites
- 1997 · Wipika sells the first inflatable kites
- 1998 · Formula racing on wide boards
- 1998 · The first kiteboarding world championship
- 1998 · Freestyle gets a world champion
- 1999 · King of the Air starts at Hoʻokipa
- Wikipedia, Red Bull King of the Air
- Kitestars, King of the Air
- IKSURFMAG, "History repeats itself in more ways than one" (King of the Air 2024)
- Wikipedia, Ruben Lenten
- IKSURFMAG, "100 moments, a kitesurfing timeline"
- Christian Science Monitor, "Windsurfers ride high at Aloha Classic" (1999)
- Honolulu Star-Bulletin, "Who will be King of Air?" (18 October 1999)
- 1999 · The windsurf brands take up the kite
- 1999 · Starboard Go: the wide board makes windsurfing easy again
- Starboard, "Innovation through time" (1999 · the world's first ultra-wide beginner board)
- rec.windsurfing, "Any thoughts on the Starboard GO?" (August 1999)
- American Windsurfer, "1999 equipment preview" with Ken Winner (vol. 6.1)
- American Windsurfer, board test (vol. 6.3, 1999)
- Wikipedia, Svein Rasmussen
- Sports Illustrated, "Where have all the windsurfers gone?" (2001)
- Surf Magazin, "30 years of board design, from long and narrow to short and wide" (interview with Werner Gnigler)
- 2001 · The Défi Wind starts at Gruissan
- 2001 · The riders take over the tour
- 2002 · Four lines and twin tips
- 2003 · Campello and Gollito rule freestyle
- 2003 · The first Queen of the Air
- 2004 · Windsurfers take back the outright record
- Yachts & Yachting, "Windsurfers take the speed record" (November 2004)
- Wikipedia, List of speed sailing records
- Wikipedia, Yellow Pages Endeavour
- Wikipedia, Speed sailing
- Wikipedia, Antoine Albeau
- SAIL magazine, "Kites take the speed record"
- Wikipedia, Lüderitz Speed Challenge
- WSSRC, "500 Metre" records
- World Sailing, "WSSRC ratifies Albeau's outright speed record" (April 2008)
- Yachting World, Finian Maynard's 48.70-knot record in the French Trench (April 2005)
- 2004 · A world champion at ten
- 2005 · The bow kite brings depower
- Wikipedia, Bow kite
- Google Patents, FR2866859A1 (Legaignoux, filed 1 March 2004)
- Google Patents, US 7,374,133 "Wing having a negative dihedron for towing a load" (Legaignoux, granted 20 May 2008)
- Google Patents, EP1574241B1 "Traction kite with negative dihedral"
- TheKiteMag, "51st State"
- IKSURFMAG, "100 moments, a kitesurfing timeline"
- Cabrinha, About
- USPTO, "Terms of Use for USPTO websites"
- 2008 · The RS:X becomes the Olympic board
- 2008 · A kitesurfer is the fastest sailor
- SAIL magazine, "Kites take the speed record"
- Vineyard Gazette, "Kite surfer Rob Douglas fastest sailor in the world"
- Wikipedia, List of speed sailing records
- Wikipedia, Lüderitz Speed Challenge
- Wikipedia, International Kiteboarding Association
- WSSRC, Newsletter No. 148 (2008)
- WSSRC, Newsletter No. 160 (2008)
- WSSRC, Newsletter No. 168 (2008)
- WSSRC, Newsletter No. 194 (2010)
- 2008 · Past 50 knots
- Yachting World, "New speed record, 50 knots broken"
- Wikipedia, Lüderitz Speed Challenge
- Wikipedia, International Kiteboarding Association
- Yachting World, ISAF agrees to ratify kite speed records (December 2008)
- Wikipedia, List of speed sailing records
- WSSRC, Newsletter No. 165 (2008)
- WSSRC, Newsletter No. 168 (2008)
- Surfertoday, "Anders Bringdal breaks the 50 knots speed windsurfing frontier" (2012)
- Lüderitz Speed Challenge, "LSC 2012 – Prelude" (2012)
- 2008 · Kiteboarding becomes a sailing class
- Wikipedia, International Kiteboarding Association
- ISAF Annual Report 2008
- Wikipedia (de), Professional Kiteboard Riders Association
- IKA, "Minutes of the Inaugural Meeting, held on 3rd of April, 2008 in Port St. Louis" (2008)
- International Windsurfing, "Windsurfers promise to fight 2016 kiteboarding replacement decision" (2012)
- 2008 · Nine world titles in four years
- 2009 · Windfoils go on show
- Surfertoday, "Tomahawk foils are the new windsurfing revolution" (March 2009)
- The Foiling Magazine, "Back story: AFS"
- Google Patents, US 4,508,046 "Wind surfing hydrofoil apparatus" (priority 10 April 1978)
- Surfertoday, "Foil windsurfing will be a standalone PWA World Tour discipline in 2019" (2018)
- Wikipedia, Sailing at the 2024 Summer Olympics
- 2010 · Kites beat the hydrofoil
- Wikipedia, List of speed sailing records
- Sail-World, Caizergues 54.10 knots (October 2010)
- Yachting World, "Hydroptère record smashed"
- The Martha's Vineyard Times, "Faster than speed"
- ISWC, "The history of speed, outright record"
- WSSRC, Newsletter No. 177 (2009)
- WSSRC, Newsletter No. 217 (2012)
- Wikipedia, Lüderitz Speed Challenge
- 2011 · The first Slingwing
- 2012 · Dorian van Rijsselberghe wins Olympic gold twice
- Olympedia, Sailing at the 2012 Summer Olympics, windsurfer men
- Olympedia, Sailing at the 2012 Summer Olympics, windsurfer women
- Olympedia, Sailing at the 2016 Summer Olympics, windsurfer men
- Olympedia, Sailing at the 2016 Summer Olympics, windsurfer women
- Wikipedia, Dorian van Rijsselberghe
- NBC, "Dorian van Rijsselberghe awarded gold in windsurfer RS:X" (2016)
- 2012 · Windsurfers pass 50 knots at Lüderitz
- Lüderitz Speed Challenge, speed world records 2012
- World Sailing Speed Record Council, news 2012
- Surfertoday, "Anders Bringdal breaks the 50 knots speed windsurfing frontier"
- Lüderitz Speed Challenge, "LSC 2012 – Prelude" (2012)
- Wikipedia, Lüderitz Speed Challenge
- WSSRC, Newsletter No. 168 (2008)
- WSSRC, Newsletter No. 260 (2015)
- WSSRC, Newsletter No. 262 (2015)
- WSSRC, Newsletter No. 297 (2018)
- WSSRC, Newsletter No. 342 (2023)
- WSSRC, Newsletter No. 355 (2025)
- 2012 · Into the Olympics, and out again
- 2013 · King of the Air returns, in Cape Town
- Wikipedia, Red Bull King of the Air
- Naish, "Jesse Richman crowned 2013 Red Bull King of the Air"
- Surfertoday, "Jesse Richman is the Red Bull King of the Air 2013"
- IOL Cape Argus, King of the Air returns for its 10th year
- Honolulu Star-Bulletin, "Who will be King of Air?" (1999)
- IKSURFMAG, "100 Moments, A Kitesurfing Timeline"
- 2013 · Across the Atlantic by kite
- 2013 · Kite racing takes to the foil
- Scuttlebutt, "Kite racing, increasing the altitude"
- Wikipedia, 2013–14 ISAF Sailing World Cup
- Wikipedia, Elena Kalinina
- Wikipedia, Erika Heineken
- Wikipedia, Formula Kite
- Scuttlebutt, "IKA: New President, Class Rules Change & Foilboarding" (2013)
- Foiling Week, "IKA invite brands to register kites, boards and hydrofoils for the new Formula Kite Class" (2016)
- 2015 · Antoine Albeau sails 53.27 knots in the Lüderitz channel
- Yachts & Yachting, "53.27 knot record for Antoine Albeau at Luderitz Speed Challenge" (2015)
- Scuttlebutt Sailing News, "New windsurfing world speed records" (WSSRC ratification, February 2025)
- WSSRC, Newsletter No. 260 (2015)
- Lüderitz Speed Challenge, "LSC 2012 – Prelude" (2012)
- Lüderitz Speed Challenge, "Event Rules"
- Boat News, "The Lüderitz Speed Challenge: a temple of speed for pro windsurfers and kitesurfers"
- Wikipedia, Lüderitz Speed Challenge
- Wikipedia, Lüderitz
- Wikipedia, Antoine Albeau
- surf Magazin, "Rivals, successes and plans: Antoine Albeau looks back on his career"
- ISWC, "The history of speed, outright record"
- 2015 · The foil makes the wing work
- 2016 · The big brands build foil boards
- 2016 · Jason Polakow windsurfs Nazaré
- 2017 · A 19-metre wave at Nazaré
- Surfertoday, "Nuno Stru Figueiredo sets new Guinness World Record for the largest kitesurfing wave"
- IKSURFMAG, biggest wave kitesurfed by Nuno Figueiredo at Nazaré
- Surfertoday, "Patri McLaughlin breaks record for the largest wave ever kitesurfed"
- Surfertoday, "Jason Polakow is the first windsurfer to ride Nazaré"
- 2017 · The fastest kitesurfer
- 2018 · Flash Austin winging on Maui
- 2018 · Kiteboarding is chosen for the Olympics
- Asian Sailing Federation, Paris 2024 events confirmed at World Sailing mid-year meeting
- Surfertoday, "World Sailing confirms kiteboarding in the Paris 2024 Olympic Games"
- US Sailing, kiteboarding at Paris 2024
- Wikipedia, Sailing at the 2024 Summer Olympics
- Yachting World, "Windsurfing back in Olympics" (2012)
- Surfertoday, "Formula Kite set for Paris 2024" (2018)
- 2018 · Kite racing at the Youth Olympics
- 2018 · Ken Winner's inflatable wing
- 2019 · Naish launches the Wing-Surfer
- 2019 · The first foil world champions
- Yachts & Yachting, "First Formula Windsurfing Foil champion crowned" (2019)
- Surfertoday, "IFCA class crowns first foil world champions" (2019)
- Surfertoday, "Foil windsurfing will be a standalone PWA World Tour discipline in 2019"
- World Sailing, "Nicolas Goyard crowned 2019 men's foil PWA world champion"
- IFCA, "First IFCA Foil World Champion crowned in Switzerland" (2019)
- IFCA, "2019 IFCA Foil Worlds, 21 to 25 August, St Moritz, Silvaplana, Switzerland"
- World Sailing, "Antoine Albeau wins 25th world title" (2018)
- 2019 · Wings in the shops
- 2020 · The wing gets its own association
- 2020 · The first wing world tour contests
- GWA, Wingfoil Super Grand Slam Fortaleza 2020
- GWA, "The first GWA SuperFoil event is underway in Brazil"
- Standup Magazin, "GWA Superfoil in Brazil, a full success"
- Andalucia.com, GWA Tarifa Wing Pro 2020
- Tonic Mag, "SuperFoil Brasil 2020: Titouan Galea Wins First-Ever Wing Foiling Event" (2020)
- GWA, "Wingfoil World Cup Leucate 2021, grand finale" (2021)
- 2021 · The first Wingfoil World Cup
- 2021 · The last Olympic regatta on the RS:X
- 2021 · An early speed mark for the wing
- 2022 · Across the Pacific by wing
- 2022 · Wing racing for the World Beach Games
- 2022 · World Sailing takes the wing on board
- 2023 · Sarah Hauser rides a 40-foot wave at Jaws
- 2023 · The largest wave ever kitesurfed
- Guinness World Records, largest wave kitesurfed
- Guinness World Records, "Hawaiian man conquers largest wave kitesurfed"
- Maui Now, McLaughlin confirmed as Guinness record holder
- Surfertoday, "Patri McLaughlin breaks record for the largest wave ever kitesurfed"
- Surfertoday, "Jaws: interesting facts about Maui's big wave surfing break"
- Surfertoday, "Nuno Stru Figueiredo sets new Guinness World Record for the largest kitesurfing wave" (2018)
- 2023 · Albeau holds the nautical mile at 44.12 knots
- Guinness World Records, fastest men's windsurfing speed over a nautical mile
- Surfertoday, "Antoine Albeau sets new nautical mile record at 44.12 knots"
- Windsurf Journal, "The nautical mile record for Antoine Albeau"
- Windsurf Journal, "Records are falling at La Palme" (June 2026)
- Severne Sails, "Nautical mile record: Albeau and Bordes at La Palme" (July 2026)
- SURF magazine, "Speed surfing: A record-breaking day at La Palme, Jenna Gibson and Cedric Bordes set new world records" (June 2026)
- Windsurf Magazine, "ISWC Speed World Championships: Prince of Speed" (October 2024)
- 2023 · The first big-air wing champions
- 2023 · From Athens to Crete by wing
- 2024 · The iQFoil flies at the Paris Olympics
- Wikipedia, iQFoil (World Sailing Council approves the iQFoil for 2024, replacing the RS:X)
- Wikipedia, Sailing at the 2024 Summer Olympics
- Wikipedia, RS:X (Olympic windsurfing equipment from 2008 to 2020)
- Olympics.com, Tokyo 2020 (postponed by one year)
- Surf Magazin, "Quick check of the new Olympiaboard iQFoil"
- Wikipedia, Sailing at the 1984 Summer Olympics
- 2024 · Kiteboarding's Olympic debut
- Wikipedia, Sailing at the 2024 Summer Olympics, women's Formula Kite
- Wikipedia, Sailing at the 2024 Summer Olympics, men's Formula Kite
- NBC Olympics, "Austria's Valentin Bontus wins first-ever men's kiteboarding gold"
- World Sailing, "Ellie Aldridge's small kite gamble earns golden victory for Great Britain" (2024)
- Afloat, "Bitter Blow for Kites as Windsurfing is Reinstated in Olympics" (2012)
- Formula Kite, "World Sailing licenses Formula Kite equipment from 7 hydrofoil and 4 kite manufacturers for Paris 2024" (2022)
- World Sailing, "What is an iQFOiL in Olympic sailing?" (2024)
- 2024 · Three world titles at seventeen
- 2024 · New 500-metre records for Jenna Gibson and Antoine Albeau
- Scuttlebutt Sailing News, "New windsurfing world speed records" (WSSRC ratification, February 2025)
- Guinness World Records, fastest speed on a windsurfer by a man
- Guinness World Records, fastest speed on a yacht (women)
- SURF magazine, "Lüderitz Speed Challenge: Jenna Gibson pushes her world record even higher" (December 2024)
- SURF magazine, "Lüderitz Speed Challenge 2025"
- SURF magazine, "Lüderitz Speed Challenge: New world record for Jenna Gibson" (November 2024)
- SURF magazine, "Lüderitz Speed Challenge: World records for Albeau and Gibson, German record for Asmussen" (December 2024)
- WSSRC, "500 Metre" records list
- 2024 · A women's division at King of the Air
- Surfertoday, "Andrea Principi and Francesca Maini win 2024 Red Bull King of the Air"
- Wikipedia, Red Bull King of the Air
- Extreme Sports Action, Principi and Maini crowned champions
- IKSURFMAG, "100 Moments, A Kitesurfing Timeline"
- Surfertoday, "Lorenzo Casati and Nathalie Lambrecht win 2025 Red Bull King of the Air" (2025)
- 2025 · World champions in their first season
- 2025 · The first Formula Wing world championship
- Sailweb, "First ever Formula Wing world champions crowned in 2025"
- MySailing, "Ghio and Spanu are the Formula Wing world champions"
- IWSA, 2025 Formula Wing World Championship
- World Sailing, Formula Wing equipment registration
- Wikipedia, 2025 in sailing
- Sailweb, World Sailing looking at proposals for Olympic keelboats, foiling dinghies and wing foils
- IWSA, Formula Wing Class Rules (January 2025)
- Scuttlebutt Sailing News, "Reviewing the Olympic sailing program" (February 2026)
- 2025 · Sarah-Quita Offringa wins three world titles in one season
- Starboard, "2025 Aloha Classic: Sarah-Quita claims her 28th world title"
- PWA World Tour, athlete profile Sarah-Quita Offringa
- SURF magazine, "PWA World Cup Fuerteventura: Offringa dashes Huvermann's world championship dreams" (July 2026)
- Guinness World Records, most PWA windsurfing world championship titles
- PWA World Tour, "2025 Aloha Classic" (October 2025)
- 2025 · The first 40-metre jump
- IKSURFMAG, "Hugo Wigglesworth's 40 meter kite jump, a new world record"
- ExplorersWeb, kitesurfer's record flight
- CORE, "New world record" (2023)
- Yachting New Zealand, Kiwi kiteboarder smashes world record
- BbTalkin, Jamie Overbeek's 42.3 m record
- MACkite, "Tips to boost higher"
- Hart van Nederland, "Kitesurfer Jamie verpulvert wereldrecord met sprong van 42 meter" (2026)
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